CIFAS (Credit Industry Fraud Avoidance System) is a non-profit fraud prevention service established to safeguard individuals and organisations from both internal and external threats of fraud and financial crime. Its membership spans across various sectors, encompassing banks, lenders, insurers, and other financial institutions. Data is housed within two primary fraud prevention repositories: the National Fraud […]

A commercial dispute arises when businesses disagree over the provision of services or products. There might be various factors at play, such as instances of non-performance or delivery issues, contractual disagreements, and payment disputes. A pre-action admission in commercial disputes occurs where one party admits the whole or any part of another party’s case before […]

We have previously shared articles that delve into various aspects of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (‘POCA’) including 'Tainted Gifts'. This legislation outlines the guidelines and procedures governing the confiscation process, which defendants may undergo upon conviction for specific offences. POCA seeks to recover any financial gain enjoyed by a convicted defendant, in respect […]

A Sentence is the punishment imposed by a Magistrate or a Judge upon an offender who has been convicted of a crime as the result of the offender having pleaded guilty or found guilty either by a Magistrates’ Court or by a Jury following trial in a Crown Court. The offender found guilty will face […]

The repudiation of a contract involves the refusal to accept its terms, the casting off or disowning of obligations whereby the actions of one party prevent the contract from being capable of being fulfilled in the manner agreed. A repudiatory breach affects the very core of the contract to such an extent that the innocent […]

Non-established taxable persons (‘NETPs’) refer to individuals who are not regular residents in the UK, do not possess a physical establishment within the UK, and, if a company, are not registered or incorporated within the UK. Historically, the UK extended the domestic VAT threshold to NETPs who make taxable supplies within the country. However, this […]